Base Verb Definition and Examples

In English grammar, the base form of a verb is its simplest form. These exist without a special ending or suffix on their own but can be changed and added onto to fit different uses and tenses. A verbs base form is what appears in dictionary entries. The base form is also known as the  plain form, simple form, or stem. Read about how base verbs are used and modified here. Base Verbs Base verbs function in the present tense for  first- and second-person singular perspectives (I walk and You walk) as well as all plural perspectives (We walk, You walk, and They Walk). In other words, the base form serves as the present tense form for all persons and numbers except the third-person singular,  which requires the -s  ending (He walks, She walks, and It walks).  Additional verbs can be created by adding prefixes to a base verb, as in overthrow  and undo. The base form is certainly not restricted to the present tense. It also functions as the infinitive (with or without to-) and the present subjunctive  for all persons including the third-person singular. Finally, the base form is used for the imperative mood.   Base Verb Examples Study these examples of base verbs in different contexts to understand their simplest applications. In the following tenses and forms, base forms require no additions or modifications. Present Tense The present tense is used for an action happening right now. It is one of the most straightforward tenses in English. When I ring the bell, you leave the room.Men live in a fantasy world. I know this because I am one, and I actually receive my mail there. -Scott Adams Present Subjunctive The subjunctive tense, a form used mostly in formal speech and writing, indicates an indefinite outcome. The music teacher insists that John sing.The tour guide recommends that we travel in pairs. In the first example, though the teacher insists, John might refuse to sing. In the second, tourists may choose to disregard the recommendation. Imperative The imperative form is used for commands from a second-person perspective. Its implied subject is the listener or reader receiving the message. Base verbs do not need to be modified to become imperative. Take my car and drive yourself home.Go to the edge of the cliff and jump off. Build your wings on the way down. -Ray Bradbury Base Verbs as Building Blocks As mentioned, base verbs can be combined with suffixes and/or supplemented with additional words to form more complex verbs and phrases. Building-block base verbs can accommodate different tenses and scenarios than base verbs alone. Here are just a few ways that base verbs are used as building blocks. Infinitive A base verb preceded by to forms an infinitive verb phrase.  The addition of to is the only change required in this form and the verb itself does not need to be changed. I want to see the stars tonight.Chefs love to cook even more than their patrons love to eat. Simple Past Tense The simple past tense is used to describe an action that has already been completed and is entirely in the past. I walked to the store for some bread.She ran further than ever before.Base verb: run Past Perfect The past perfect tense denotes an action that occurred before the most recent past action and is only slightly in the past. Most often, had precedes base verbs in the past perfect tense. I had eaten there last year on vacation, but on this years trip, we chose another place nearby.I had walked home after practice yesterday. Present, Future, and Past Continuous Present continuous action is still happening and incomplete. Base verbs in this form take on an -ing to become participles.   I am walking home from school after practice. The same building block base verbs (participles) used in the present continuous tense can translate to the future continuous tense, a tense that describes a continuous action that has yet to occur.  Note that a modal verb phrase sometimes precedes the verb phrase in this tense. I will be walking home from school today.She is going later. The past continuous tense describes something that continued happening in the past. Notice how this is different from a completed action. Base verbs in this tense sometimes require a linking verb. We were walking home when Stan drove by in his truck.   Gerunds The -ing form or the present participle of a base verb used as a noun is called a gerund. Some words such as painting began as gerunds and developed into nouns. These words maintain their ability to function as verbs/gerunds as well. Walking is the best type of exercise.She couldnt choose between swimming and painting.

Contribution and Importance of Literacy Training Program...

â€Å"Literacy Training Service† is a program designed to train students to become teacher literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their need. Literacy is crucial to the success of individuals in both their career aspirations and their quality of life. It is more than a basic reading ability, but rather an indication of â€Å"how adults use written information to function in society.† Strong literacy skills are closely linked to the probability of having a good job, decent earnings, and access to training opportunities. Individuals with weak literacy skills are more likely to be unemployed or, if employed, to be in jobs that pay little or that offer poor hours or working†¦show more content†¦Literacy is a basic human need and human right to knowledge. It has meaning only when it leads to participation in cultural and social activities. It is empowerment which means ability to make decisions and control affairs of ones own life, economically, socially and politically, it is the first step in a life-long earning process of man and women. Life without literacy is life without hope, security and freedom. It is the foundation of all skills and pre-requisite for economic development. Moreover, according to Stromquist (1995) in modern societies literacy skills are fundamental to informed decision-making, personal empowerment, active and passive participation in local and global social community. Literacy is useful at the individual level in inculcating humanistic etiquettes and manners. The human benefits from literature are related to factors such as the improved self-esteem, empowerment, creativity and critical reflection that participation in adult literacy programmes and the practice of literacy may produce. Human benefits are intrinsically valuable and may also be instrumental in realizing other benefits of literacy: improved health, increased political participation and so on (UNESCO, 2006). The most apparent aspects of the human characters influenced by the literacy teaching are the awareness, empowerment and self esteem. Bown (1990) claims that with the acquisitionShow MoreRelatedBusiness Analysis : Telstra, Australia s Leading Organisation Of Telecommunication And Information Services1115 Words   |  5 Pages(http://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/download/document/sustainability-report-2013-our-people.pdf) employees and an international presence in 15 countries, Telstra strives to change the way people live and work through â€Å"improved and more convenient connection†. They aim to always take put the customer first and constantly provide support for the community in which Telstra operates. 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Existential Counselling

Question: The writing of a learning journal on the four existential givens requires the student toevidence knowledge and self-examination and serves as a useful reflective tool.Process:Over the first half of this unit, students will keep a learning journal examining in turneach of the four existential givens:1. death,2. existential aloneness,3. free will and responsibility, and4. the search for meaning. Answer: Existential counselling is a philosophical method which challenges the conflicts and paradoxes of the basic existence of humans. It is more like a way of thinking instead of a hard core philosophical model or technique. It is based on the fact that people make their own choices and have to own the repercussions of the same, even if they are negative ( Yalom, 2002) stated that existential psychotherapy is a dynamic therapeutic approach which emphasize on the relevance of our very core existence. The author went on to say that there are four givens relevant to psychotherapy: the inevitability of death, freedom to make of our lives, ultimate aloneness and the meaninglessness of life. 1. Death: It is inevitable, rightly said by many people. Death can be defined as the cessation or end of vital functions of a living being. I feel that fear of death resides within us every moment we encounter any precarious situation. In perhaps every uncertain situation, I can feel the deep down fear if something deadly or near fatal may happen in future. These premonitions can actually twist heart to the core. However, the mere realization of this ultimate truth can motivate us to pursue a happy life as well. The fear of death has a crucial role in our life; the mere thought of it can haunt us more than anything else. It can be equated to the unsettling existence at the external periphery of consciousness (Yalom, 1980). I can certainly relate to this feeling when I met with a nearly fatal accident and could feel my life going away with every painful second. Echoing the same sentiments, Josselson (2008) shared that the very awareness about the ultimate truth of death can be really difficult to death with. Nevertheless, Yalom (2008) claimed that the anxiety surrounding death surfaces and hides across various stages of the life cycle. I agree with this when I observed a young child playing with a match stick. It can be dangerous for human life but for the child, it was mere an object of amusement, wonder and nothing else. As we grow up in life, we start seeing things from a different perspective altogether. This is probably why I have seen so many of my teenage friends driving their cars at such a high speed. Its possibly the excitement to flirt with the notion of death that drags them to conduct themselves so recklessly. But once people enter adulthood, career and then marriage responsibilities overpower anxiety. After some decades when children grow up and leave them, the mid-life crisis brings back the same death anxiety once again (Yalom, 2008). I feel that people should confront life and death as the ultimate truths of life, but in practical situations, we tend to f orget the truth and get driven towards material things. In the same vein, existentialist philosopher Martin Heidegger (1962) claimed that though physicality of death finishes us off, the concept of death helps us finding peace. I felt the same after the accident I had when struck with the thought of death, I felt the need to add more value to my life by avoiding the trivial issues around and instead embrace the truth. The fear of death is in fact a reminder of life and one must make the most of their time on earth. In some cases, I feel its the reluctance to accept the ultimate truths of life that people feel conflicted within themselves. The real cause of conflict lies between the recognition of the certainty of death and the irrepressible desire to continue living (Spinoza in Elwes, 2008). Its the fear of death that we tend to create illusions around ourselves in the form of defence. But then this faade will fall down sooner or later. Instead of chasing the trivialities of life, I feel the fundamentals about the way of living must be explored. Becker (1973) added that people are consciously alert of the real human condition but they continue living with partial consciousness and hence they indulge in petty social games and play psychological tricks to stay away from the truth of death (Becker, 1973). For instance, consuming drugs and gambling are all deteriorating acts of life, but that is how some people tend to act in their attempt to run away from the realities of life. I have had my good and bad days but what I have come to realize the real value of life and certainty of death. 2. Existential Isolation Isolation means staying physically away from other human beings and the world as a whole (Yalom, 1980). It is noted that departure from others and the world, the feeling of being lonely, is the intrinsic state of the human condition that includes intrapsychic, interpersonal and existential isolation. There could be many reasons for embracing isolation. People have the tendency to increase distance from others to stay alone but this makes them feel compelled to engage with others with more intensity (Yalom, 1980). There are some naturally secludes, but at some level, there is a need felt across to talk to the people. I feel isolation is not meant for all. It all depends on the mental strength of an individual to cut off from others. Yalom (1980) stated that the real disagreement lies between absolute isolation and the desire to become a part of something tangible. Becoming an individual in itself includes embracing an absolute loneliness (Kaiser, 1965). Nevertheless, I have never cons idered it this way as I am surrounded by my family and friends most of the time. They were with me in my moments of glory and in failures, especially when I did not score well in my graduation. However, there are some moments of loneliness, but they are usually filed with other material activities. That is where the major task of existentialism comes into play to give insight into the inner conflict between fusion and isolation. Interpersonal and existential isolation are way stations for each other. Yalom (1980) stated that irrespective of the closeness or attachment individuals feel for each other, there is some unbridgeable gap remaining, and every individual has to enter and exit that on his or her own. The existential conflict lies between the awareness of absolute isolation and the desire to become a part of bigger whole (Yalom, 1980). There are plenty of distractions which lure people into its ultimate comfort choking the voice of ultimate isolation. However, the voice does n ot die as it bursts out in deep sleep waking up to come to the real terms. Josselson (2008) stated that a lot of people deeply feel the fear of existential isolation when the thought of them being forgotten by one and all struck them at the core. It is scary but then it justifies Yaloms (1980) statement that absolute isolation helps us achieve completeness. Instead of running away from isolation into the solace of material possessions and other social activities, I feel people must find some time for them to acknowledge the vastness of existential loneliness. People want others with them during the time of death but by no means, one can deny the truth of solitary death from any individual (Yalom, 2000). Due to isolation, anxiety emerges when an individual accepts the loneliness of death and life. However, reaction may differ for people with different mental strength. I have heard cases of people in trauma who feel trapped in their internal world of psychological and physical pain an d hence tend to behave in a manner to avoid any close possibility of trauma due to external factors. That is where counselling is required to bring forth the concept of existential isolation. Yalom (1980) stated that people burn ego boundaries in their attempt to achieve interpersonal fusion to make cherished life, but people know little that they are using the other person for instant happiness. The ultimate solution relies on the attempt to encounter the aloneness which allows engaging on a deeper level with others (Yalom, 1980). In a clinical setting, it would be seen as a sign of emotional distress and has to be treated with complete attention. Similarly, Yalom (2008) has expressed the need to be transparent with the patients during counselling. Krug (2007), whilst backing Yaloms stand on the same, applauded the contribution made by Yalom in the field of psychotherapy, especially the suggestion to develop a healthy interpersonal relationship with patients using the here-and-now method. 3. Existential Freedom: Free will and responsibility Free well or freedom is desired by all, albeit in different forms. However, Yalom (1980) stated that freedom involves no fixed structure in life that makes every individual responsible for his or her own choices and the subsequent actions. The author added that there is no solid ground beneath the very existence of human beings. I realized the same power of freedom when I was to choose my career. Be it my family or friends, everyone had their own suggestions to influence my choice but the ultimate decision resided within me. The very feeling of free will to decide for your life is an exhilarating experience. Freedom lets people define and design their own destiny and hence the future course of actions. The need to be responsible for the coming life at a very deep level gives a sense of identity and existence in the world. It comes when we start making independent decisions and start accepting its repercussions, good and bad both. As per existential thinkers, every individual owns up the responsibility of creating his or her own destiny, problems, choices, emotions, sufferings and actions (Yalom, 1980). However, its is ironical that human beings blame others for any mis-happening or when something does not go as expected (May, 1999). Even though human being cannot be held responsible for their genetic composition, their origin, family and many other inherent characteristics, their present actions are very much in their own hands. Human beings are solely accountable for the way their life shapes up (Tillich, 1952). Every step taken against the law of nature brings some unwanted result, and this becomes the ultimate cause of pain and suffering. Every action against our very core nature results in negative repercussions such as misery, pain, or any illness in the end (Maslow, 1958). For instance, I have made many hasty decisions in life without weighing down the other options suggested by peers and my family. For instance, selecting the courses for the graduation w as solely my decision which I made without thinking over my real competencies. In the end, it was me who borne the loss and happens to have lost many good job opportunities. Hopelessness occurs when people are reluctant to be ourselves and instead get carried away in the vicious cycle of mindless decision making which only ends at debacles (Kierkegaard, 1954). Freedom is equivalent to being pushed into existence with the absence of human nature as an object of defining the essence of freedom (Sarte, 1949). The core conflict lies between the difficulty in accepting authentic choice and the irrepressible desire of embracing inauthenticity (Sartre, 1949). Echoing the belief of Yalom, Josselson (2008) stated that the universe has no specific design and thus every individual has to write his or her own lives in the way deemed fit whilst owing up the repercussions they may face due to the choices made. It means freedom or free will actually is a scary thing if human beings are left alone with their deeds. Thus, a key existential dynamic is the friction created between the desire to have a strong ground beneath and the actual groundlessness or nothingness of human life ( Yalom, 1980). There are many medical cases wherein patients have suffered from the feeling of groundlessness or existential suffering, and unfortunately, their coping mechanism w hich once worked fails in such situations (Bruce, Schreiber, Petrovskaya, Boston, 2011). Often, the confrontation between freedom and responsibility results in serious health concerns surrounding the personality. Frankl (1977) confirmed that existential analysis brings out the fundamentals of human existence and the meaning of being human in terms of owning up the responsibility of actions. 4. The search for meaning The ultimate question which every individual faces is the real or true meaning of life. An aimless or wandering life can be distressing at some or the other stage. Frankl (1977) asserted that the absence of meaning causes extreme existential stress. Bruce, Schreiber, Petrovskaya and Boston ( 2011) stated that existential distress can be defined as a state of morbid suffering in ailing people and includes issues related with disappointment, discontentment, futility, morose, death anxiety. When an individual is not satisfied with his or her own way of life, it can be very frustrating. This feeling can be very annoying and may cause extreme distress with no hope for a bright life left. Meaninglessness can be defined as the prolonged incapacity to have faith in the truth, relevance, benefit or real value entailed in any of the things an individual is occupied with (Maddi, 1970). Having no meaning to life can cause serious health concerns such as suicidal tendencies, low self-esteem, drug s, cynicism, depression and much more. One possible solution to come out of this dilemma is to develop a transcendental relationship with the divine self (Buber,1965). Cornett (1998) referring to Rollo May (1953) stated that many of the patients suffered from depression with a deep sense of meaninglessness, and thats the reason he titled the 20th century as the Age of Emptiness. The primary trademark sign of depression is the strong belief that there is no meaning to life which in itself is an indication the perception of the self is not central to the life goals (Basch, 1980). By connecting with the higher self, people can search for their true purpose of their life and hence can leverage their efforts towards the direction of achieving the ultimate aim of the life. Frankl (1969) defined meaning in three contexts: contribution towards creative field, experience gained, and stance or attitude against suffering and destiny. It basically entails a clear direction towards an objective destination, absence of which can put one into a confused state in life. As per Yalom(1980), there has been a meaning schema given by the Judeo-Christian religious tradition, which states that the world and human life are connected as per a divine plan. It means all the human beings are subjected to a specific purpose in this world and they are merely acting upon the will of the God. However, there are multiple interpretations to this belief as elaborated by many thinkers during the subsequent years. Szasz (1994) stated that religion has given a definition beyond the finite realm of meaning of life and such consolidated rejection may allow people to accept religious beliefs instead of the reality of death. Frankl (1977) like many other thinkers challenged the very foun dation of religion to solve the existential challenges humans are embattled in. In contrast to the religious connotation, Yalom(1980) claimed that there is no predestined fate and life is germinated in result of random events and human beings have to look deeply into their behaviours to derive a meaningful schema for themselves. In the same lines, Cornett (1998) shared that spirituality is a huge concept and has often been kept at the rim of serious discussions. I feel there is lot of confusion between religion and spirituality and this is possibly the reason why spirituality is kept aside when discussing about clinical therapy. For those who are looking for meaning or purpose, they must engage in some meaning activities with complete devotion albeit without any deliberate attempt to find something magical. References Basch, M. F. (1980). Doing psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books Becker, E. (1973). The denial of death. New York: Free Press. Bruce, A., Schreiber, R., Petrovskaya, O., Boston, P. (2011). Longing for ground in a ground(less) world: A qualitative inquiry of existential suffering. BMC Nursing, 10 (2). Buber, M. (1965).Between man and man. New York: MacMillan. Cornett, C. (1998). The soul of psychotherapy. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. Elwes, R.H.M. (1955). The chief works of Benedict De Spinoza (ed. 2), New York: Dover Publications. Frankl, V. (1969). The will to meaning. New York: World. Frankl, V. E. (1977). The unconscious God Psychotherapy and theology. London, England: Hodder and Stoughton. Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time, trans. by Joan Stambaugh. Albany: State University of New York Press. Josselson, R. (2008). Irvin D. Yalom: On psychotherapy and the human condition. New York, NY: Jorge Pinto. Kaiser, H. (1965). Effective Psychotherapy. New York: Free Press. Kierkegaard, S. (1957). The concept of dread. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Krug, O.T. (2007). A comparative study of James Bugental and Irvin Yalom, two masters of existential psychotherapy (Doctoral dissertation, Saybrook Graduate School and Research Centre, San Francisco). Maddi, S. (1970). The Search for Meaning in The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed W Arnold M Page (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press), pp.137-186. Maslow, A. (1958).Toward a psychology of being. New York: D Van Nostrand Co. May, R (1999). Freedom and destiny. New York: W.W. Norton. Sartre, J.P. (1949). Nausea. (A. Alexander, R. Baldick, Trans.) France: Editions Gallimard Szasz, T. (1994). Mental illness is still a myth. New York, NY: Harper. Tillich, P. (1952). The Courage to be. New Haven: Yale University Press. Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. New York, NY: Basic Books. Yalom, I. D. (2000). Religion and psychiatry. American journal of psychotherapy, 56 (3), 301-306. Yalom, I. D. (2002). The gift of therapy. New York, NY: Harper Collins

Three Rebellious Figures Essay Example For Students

Three Rebellious Figures Essay Paradise Lost, the greatest epic in English literature history, was composed by John Milton in the year 1665, after seven years labor in the darkness. With great difficulty he found a publisher. Its success was immediate, though, like all his works, it met with venomous criticism. Milton was persecuted by the defenders of the throne after the Restoration because he was a faithful advocator of the Cromwell Government. Hardness of life brought him blindness. But this hard period was the most fruitful time in his literary life. Paradise Lost, the story taken from the Holy Bible, was written in this period. The story is about how Satan rebels against God and the seduce of Adam and Eve and the lost of Eden, which is known by every Christian. In the end of Yuan Dynasty the great book on peasant rebellion in China, Heroes of the Marshes, was brought out by Shi Nai-an. Shin based his novel on the real historical event combined with the folklores. The story is about how Song Jiang leads his fellows to rebel against the harsh reality. They kill the corrupt official and distribute their money to the poor. We will write a custom essay on Three Rebellious Figures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But by following Song Jiangs ideas, he himself and the other rebels surrender at last and become the soldiers of the of the empire. The Pilgrimage to the West has been known by every child ever since the publication in the middle of sixteenth century. Like Heroes of the Marshes, Wu Cheng-En, the author of the novel, also based the story on the folklores. But the book, like Paradise Lost, is based on religious story and we cannot find archetypes of the most of characters in reality. The story begins with the birth of the monkey king and hes rebel against the gods, ends with the fulfillment of his mission. The body of the novel is about how the monkey king and his fellow escort their master Tang San-Zhang, an eminent monk, from China to India to fetch sutras. The monkey king succeeds in fighting with all the devils on the way to India. The monkey king is a half-monkey half-human thing. Therefore his look and his behavior arouse childrens interests. However, its definitely not a simple Child book. The monkey kings rebellion against gods symbolizes the rebellion against authority and so much more. The significance of the novel enables it to become one of the four greatest classic novels in Chinas literary history. Some say that Heroes of the Marshes, The Pilgrimage to the West and Paradise Lost are incomparable. One is an epic; the other two are ancient Chinese novels. Furthermore, the novels are quite different from English ones. They view comparative study from a stylistic way, not a thematic way. The three figures were born in different time, different countries, speaking different languages. However, when we exam these three, we shall find amazing similarities in their characters: brave, strong, firm and persistent and rebellious. Song Jiang was the earliest born one. Two hundred years later, the monkey king was brought forth by Wu Cheng-En. Milton created Satan even later. But we should say Satan is the earliest. Because Miltons ideas were modeled on the Holy Bible, which was an old story made by Jews, while Heroes of the Marshes and The Pilgrimage to the West were based on the contemporary folklore. Although Satan is the earliest, his rebellious spirit is the strongest, we should say. This article is a comparative analysis of the spiritual contents of these three figures, that is to say, an analysis of their rebellious characteristics. All the characters in literary works are the fictional creations of the authors, but not merely fictional, the background has influence on the construction progress of the character. Paradise Lost was written in the Restoration Period. It was finished in 1665,after Miltons seven years labor in the darkness. Milton was a faithful advocator of the Cromwell Government. After the collapse of the bourgeoisies government, sadness immerged him, but he never lost his courage and fought on with his pen. We cannot say Satan is Milton himself, but at least he is somewhat representation of Miltons and his fellowmens spirits. The lower class rebelled from time to time as in the long history of feudal China. However, rebellion did not become a common theme of literary creation in the passed time. Wu Cheng-En and Shin Nai-an gather their stories from the folklores, which were prevailing among common people. Therefore, these three works actually are spearheads pointed at the mighty and the obstacles of the human history. Satan, monkey king and Song Jiang rebel for freedom, fight for their destiny. Life is an active fighting for the destiny. But life is cruel and human always has his weakness. European literary works inherit the traditions of the evaluation criteria of lives of Greek tragedies, that is to say, the European authors esteem the challengers if they have courage and strong will, no matter how the challengers fail or succeed. They actually tend to understand life by analyzing the value of life of the loser. Paradise Lost is a typical story of this kind. When we read classic Chinese novels, we can easily find out the fact that most characters are not active fighters for their destiny, but merely the people fooled by their fates. They always follow the rules, live in the small world and close their doors to the outside. Just when the destiny strike them, their lives begin to change. Most heroes in Heroes of the Marshes are these kind of people. They rebel because they have no choice, not because they want to change their lives or destiny. However, The Pilgrimage to the West is a different book. The monkey king is a not a passive character, he fight for his destiny and finally succeed. The monkey king is a rare figure in the classic Chinese novels. He has his free will. But he still has great differences when we compare him with Satan. A comparative study should containing both similarities and differences analyses. This piece of writing will present similarities and differences of these three unsurpassed and hardly equaled works in Chinese and English literature history. (1) Traditionally, Miltons Satan has been compared with Aeschylus Prometheus, and the older edition of Paradise Lost mark many lines in Satans speeches as echoes of Prometheus Bound. But it would be impossible to write a book exploring Miltons debt to Greek drama on the scale of the studies of his epic background. Why we compare Satan with Prometheus? Because they are heroes, because they are rebellious, because both of them fight against the superior god. The freedom of will is the keystone of Miltons creed. Working through the tradition of an encyclopedic Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to justify the ways of God to men. That is to say, Satan in the core is a fighter for his freedom and he is not a one hundred per cent devil. Satan rebels because he thinks that God treats him unfairly. So is the monkey king. The Jade Emperor asks the monkey king to care steeds in the heaven and he think thats unfair. .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .postImageUrl , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:hover , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:visited , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:active { border:0!important; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:active , .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44 .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u117720caa6a7aaf5950856f96978ee44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lamoiyan Corporation: Building the Filipinos Sample EssayThen he begins his rebel and therefore brings forth the most glorious chapter in the novel. He has the slightest idea of obedience, obedience to God. When Song Jiang is in Jiang zhou city, he once gets drunk and writes a few pieces of poems afterwards. These poems are telling us that he is not content, but furious, with the reality. And these poems are generally regarded as rebellious ones. From then on he begins to set him mind on rebellion. A few months later, he goes to the marshes. Why he writes the poems? Because he thinks his miserable situation is due to the corruption of the court. There are always some unfair officials and he has to get rid of him if he wants to live a better life. From here we can say they all rebel for their freedom, for the unfair things. Rebellion is the core of their spirits. (2) All these three books are not the original creation of the authors. The story of Satan comes directly from Bible. Folklores are the soil of the Heroes of the Marshes and The Pilgrimage to the West. But the three figures are endowed with fresh meanings. Milton wrote the story with great willpower and pain. Satan in Paradise Lost therefore becomes much more vivid than he is in Bible. A real strong-minded Satan with heart full of hatred and rebellious ideas appears after we read the epic. Milton is trying to tell us, Satans, and the Puritans or bourgeois wills are unconquerable. Song Jiang is a figure that arouses much argument and dispute. Some say the story of Song Jiang is trying to tell us rebellion is not the way out and one should be loyal to the emperor at that time, what does Song Jiang do is the best choice. Some say Song Jiangs loyalty to the emperor ends the glorious history of the heroes of the marshes and Song Jiang is the one to blame. In literary world, only the greatest figures are worth of much criticism. Song Jiang arouses critics interests because his nature and his deeds is the representation of the time. Although under the cloak of fairytale, The Pilgrimage to the West sure is not standing only on the height of childrens story and the monkey king is not merely a funny being monkeying around. He lives in reality. The authors intention is to create a figure that shows no mercy and cowardice to the magnates. (3) Both Satan and the monkey king are very proud of themselves. In Satans speech to the angels, there are no words showing his esteem to the God. He describes the God as a tyrant. When the monkey king is fighting with the immortals in the Asgard, he calls the God as the old thing. And he never shows his esteem to the immortals except to the biggest Bodhisattvas. They think that they are superior, at least equal, to the Gods. However Song Jiang is not the same case. He is very loyal to the emperor. An imperials edict can make him do anything. Some may say thats because Paradise Lost and The Pilgrimage to the West are fairytales while Heroes of the Marshes is based on somewhat reality. Yes, man in reality always has his weakness, and the weakness is due to his social and historical background and his personality. Maybe thats why people like to read fairytales. Satan is a great hero when he addresses his fellow angels. He says: In dubious Battle on the Plains of Heavn, And shook his throne. What though the field be lost? All is lost; the unconquerable Will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is the else to be overcome? (Line104-110 Book I) Although trapped in Hell, he never loses his courage and ambition. But it is only in the first two books of the Paradise Lost that Satan seems heroic. There is grandeur but no heroism in his later soliloquies and after the seduction of Eve he departs to Hell, leaving to world to his vice-gerents Sin and Death. The first shock to any admiration for him in a readers mind comes when he meets his allegorical daughter Sin and his incestuously begotten grandson Death at Hells gates (Book II 678-883). There is no doubt of Miltons intent to degrade him, step by step, down to the scene of his second and involuntary appearance in serpent form in Book X. In Heroes of the Marshes, we see Song Jiang as a great hero when all the one hundred and eight heroes and heroines gather in the Liang Shan Bo. Before Song Jiang go to Liang Shan Bo, he is very generous to the people, after he goes there, he is very kind to his fellowmen and fights together with them. But at the end of the story he betrays many of his fellows will and leads them to the unhappy ending. After we read the whole story of the monkey king we cannot but call him a great hero. He succeeds in fighting with the evils and finally ends his story with a gratifying ending. He is a big winner. However, the readers of Paradise Lost and Heroes of the Marshes are bewildered: after reading these two books, they remember the first parts of the stories much clearer than the ending. The heroic deed and speech give them the deepest impression. When they think about Satan and Song Jiang, they still take them as great rebels. Here the culture backgrounds must have their influence. According to Aristotle, western poetry should put emphases on the imitation, conflict, structure plot and characteristics whereas Chinese put more emphases on the moral content of the stories. Some say Paradise Lost is an epic built out of dramas. From Ben Johnson to Shakespeare, western playwright began to put much more emphases on the characteristics of the characters than before. Hamlet is the best example. In Miltons period, characterization was of great importance. God is unsurpassed, omnipotent and omnipresent while Satan is the father of all the evils. If we set our eyes only on the moral content of the Paradise Lost, Satan is nothing but a devil. What westerners treasure is his nature, the nature of strong-willed beings. Satans speech is the best testimony. .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .postImageUrl , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:hover , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:visited , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:active { border:0!important; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:active , .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8 .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf96ebef6d20f4fc2733b9527da13b1e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crucible Salem Episode EssayChinese Classic novels always start with a break and change of a peaceful situation. A virtuous man encounters troubles and the cause of the troubles is always some specific evil power, tragedy of nature is something rare to find in various ancient Chinese novels. Persecution and anti-persecution are the plot but not the theme of the stories. The authors are trying to do two things: one is trying to find out the moral causation of all these troubles; the other is to evaluate good and evil. The criteria of the evaluation of good or evil are very simple: loyalty, faithfulness and morals. One should be Loyal to his majesty and loyal to his friends and to people and faithful to his family and superiors. Yue Fei is a bona fide hero because he is loyal to his majesty and to all the Chinese. Viewed from a modern mans eye, Song Jiangs heroic deeds are not very heroic because he shows too much loyalty to the emperor. In ancient China rebellion is condemned by morals. Ever since the beginning of the rebellion, he thinks that his rebel is not a righteous thing. And entering the political state is the home to return to. His thoughts lead the heroes to a miserable ending. However, the gratifying ending of the monkey king story seems not that gratifying. We like to see the monkey to do whatever he likes, to live in an unbound way, not to become a Bodhisattva. It seems the cute, rebellious, bellicose monkey becomes a lamb. (4)Satans rebellion is the most complete and the least weak-kneed among these three rebels. The monkey king believes in nothing and belongs to nobody at the very beginning. After he is buried under the Wu-Zhi Mountain, his mind begins to change. In order to get out from the foot of the mountain, he chooses to obey the Bodhisattva and becomes prentice of Tang San-Zang. In fact, the monkey kings obedience is only with the Bodhisattva. He is never afraid of or obedient to the immortals and evils, no matter whatever position they own in the Asgard. Even the layman of Chinese culture knows the importance of Buddhism. We cannot assert that the monkey kings obedience to the Bodhisattvas is just his weakness. On the contrary, the monkey finds the home to return to, which is the Buddhism. But at least we can say: the monkey king cannot find the home he belongs to if the Bodhisattvas dont force him and if he doesnt obey. Why the heroes go to the marshes? Because most of them have no choice. If they dont rebel, they have to run from place to place to hide or they will be put to death. Song Jiang would never rebel if he could still survive. Rebellious nature is rooted in every human being as the nature of weakness is. Maybe we can say Song Jiang has more weak points in his nature than the other two is because Shi Nai-an was creating a real person. And real persons always have more weakness than we expect. Many rebellion leaders in ancient China did have Song Jiangs personality. In recent years Satan has been too often and too easily compared with Mussolini and Hitler, but such analogies are not very helpful. Nor is it helpful to compared Satan with Cromwell. It is clear that in drawing his portrait of Satan Milton was objective. Its weakness is its greatness-its power to fool readers into its own delusion of power and make them say that Miltons Satan is a noble anticipation of Nietzschean superman. If, to give the devil his due, we must say that in the first two books of Paradise Lost he is drawn with too many virtues, the answer is perhaps in the Socrates words in the Republic when he says that the finer virtues-courage, temperance, and the rest-belong to the most evil men. Actually its not worthwhile to try hard to find out the archetype of Satan, nor is it worthwhile to criticize the evil of Satan. What we need is Satans spirit, courage and so on. As we all know, Milton wrote Paradise in great hatred. We certainly cannot say his creation is an arts for arts sake stuff. It was the persecution that gave him the desire of writing something. He succeeded in creating the image of Satan and in inspiring his Puritan fellows. Satan gave them courage to fight back. However, the authors of the two Chinese novels had not had such mood as Milton had during their time of writing. Maybe we can say the purposes of writing Heroes of the Marshes and The Pilgrimage to the West are not as clear as Miltons. But Satan belongs not only to Milton and his fellows, but belongs to the world. So are the Monkey king and Song Jiang. But we can feel that Satan is somewhat greater in his rebellious spirit, not in his evil of course, than the other two. Here we are not going to consider the Miltonic stylethe grand style as an influential element. The monkeys rebellion is the rebellion for his personal freedom and stays in the height of freedom of individuality. The only reason for him to rebel is that he wants to do whatever he likes while the Gods are not likely to let him has their permission. In Short, Song Jiang rebels to survive, rebels for existence. Once he achieves this goal, his rebellion ends. That is why Heroes of the Marshes has an unhappy ending. Satan is different. He is trying to seek his and his companys freedom. And his freedom is merely the freedom of individuality. He is trying to justify Gods injustice. His rebellion is surely not for merely survival either. Can we say the harsh environment of Hell is better than Heavens? If Satan has Song Jiangs nature he would live happily in Heaven without the slightest idea of rebellion. In Satans Speech he suggests that Hell is better than Heaven as long as Heaven is reined by God, though the heat of burning things is hard to endure, because he has more freedom in Hell. Therefore, Satans rebellion is not confined within certain limits. We can take this kind of rebellious spirits as something grand. We should say Miltons mind was opened and therefore Satans spirits has aroused universal concern.

Free Essays on Twilight

Twilight Rodney King was beaten and arrested on March 3, 1991. The police pulled him over for a traffic violation and had him chained up and beat him until there really wasn’t much left of him. He had to have several surgeries just to make him look close to himself again. With the beating he had to be in a wheelchair and couldn’t ever feel the same about himself again. A resident of a nearby apartment captured the beating on videotape and gave it to CNN and other stations, and it was seen beyond the world. The four police men that beat him, who were white, went to trial and were acquitted. Many people were astonished by the verdict. This verdict caused some of the worst riots in the United States since the 1960’s. In Anna Deavere Smith’s, Twilight, she uses short stories to tell about incidents that have happened in Los Angeles. In these stories you hear about beatings, the riots throughout the city, and the buildings being burnt down. On May 3, 1992 there had been fifty-eight deaths, 2,353 injuries, more than 7,000 fire responses, 12,111 arrests, and 3,100 businesses damaged. Smith interviewed a lot of witnesses and people around the Los Angeles area about the Rodney King incident and other riots that broke out around that area. Los Angeles had a lot of problems going on right now and they needed some people to get together and fix them. To do this they would have to speak to the community and be heard, stop all the riots, stop the beatings, and stop the fires from happening. They need to get community members together to fight for their community where they lived. To do this the people would have to be powerful, confident, committed, and they’ll have to know how to talk to the people. The three people that I think would be the best at getting together and stopping all this would be Elaine Brown, Maxine Waters, and Daryl Gates. I picked these three because I think they could work well together and they... Free Essays on Twilight Free Essays on Twilight Twilight Rodney King was beaten and arrested on March 3, 1991. The police pulled him over for a traffic violation and had him chained up and beat him until there really wasn’t much left of him. He had to have several surgeries just to make him look close to himself again. With the beating he had to be in a wheelchair and couldn’t ever feel the same about himself again. A resident of a nearby apartment captured the beating on videotape and gave it to CNN and other stations, and it was seen beyond the world. The four police men that beat him, who were white, went to trial and were acquitted. Many people were astonished by the verdict. This verdict caused some of the worst riots in the United States since the 1960’s. In Anna Deavere Smith’s, Twilight, she uses short stories to tell about incidents that have happened in Los Angeles. In these stories you hear about beatings, the riots throughout the city, and the buildings being burnt down. On May 3, 1992 there had been fifty-eight deaths, 2,353 injuries, more than 7,000 fire responses, 12,111 arrests, and 3,100 businesses damaged. Smith interviewed a lot of witnesses and people around the Los Angeles area about the Rodney King incident and other riots that broke out around that area. Los Angeles had a lot of problems going on right now and they needed some people to get together and fix them. To do this they would have to speak to the community and be heard, stop all the riots, stop the beatings, and stop the fires from happening. They need to get community members together to fight for their community where they lived. To do this the people would have to be powerful, confident, committed, and they’ll have to know how to talk to the people. The three people that I think would be the best at getting together and stopping all this would be Elaine Brown, Maxine Waters, and Daryl Gates. I picked these three because I think they could work well together and they...

The Urban Legend About Drugs Smuggled in a Dead Baby

The Urban Legend About Drugs Smuggled in a Dead Baby This urban legend is also known as The Stuffed Baby story. It has appeared in books and online websites many times. Generally, the text of the story reads something like the following: A woman and her 4-year-old son are visiting a border town on the Mexican side of the Texas/Mexico border. As they are walking towards the border crossing to return to the U.S., a man runs up to her and takes her child. She immediately runs to the authorities and a search ensues. The lady and the authorities begin walking among the cars, looking for her son. The woman spots her child in a truck a couple of rows over. Her son is laying his head on the shoulder of a man and appears to be sleeping. As the authorities close in on the vehicle, the driver jumps out of line and makes a run for it. As they are driving off, the passenger opens his door and dumps the child out into the street. As the woman and the authorities reach the child they find, to their horror, that the child has not only been murdered but has been cut open and illegal drugs have been put inside his body. It appears that the persons in the vehicle were drug smugglers and had decided to kidnap a child, kill them and place the drugs in the body. They would then hold the child as they approached the border and the border agents would think that the child was quietly sleeping on the shoulder of the passenger. Another Version Another version of the story circulated the internet in the late 90s. The text of the email/forum post is similar to this story: My sisters co-worker has a sister in Texas, who with her husband was planning a weekend trip across the Mexican border for a shopping spree. At the last minute, their baby sitter canceled, so they had to bring along their two-year-old son with them. They had been across the border for about an hour when the baby got free and ran around the corner. The mother went chasing, but the boy had disappeared. The mother found a police officer who told her to go to the gate and wait. Not really understanding the instructions, she did as she was instructed. About 45 minutes later, a man approached the border carrying the boy. The mother ran to him, grateful that he had been found. When the man realized it was the boys mother, he dropped the boy and ran himself. The police were waiting for him and got him. The boy was dead. In the 45 minutes he was missing, he was cut open, ALL of his insides removed, and his body cavity was stuffed with COCAINE. The man was going to carry him across the border as if he were asleep. A two-year-old boy, dead, discarded as if he were a piece of trash for somebodys cocaine. If this story can get out and change one persons mind about what drugs mean to them, we are helping. Please send this e-mail to as many people as you can. If you have a home PC send it out there, too. Lets hope and pray it changes a lot of minds. The saddest thing about the whole situation is that those persons who suffer are innocent and people we love. God bless you in this united effort to spread the word. You just might save a life! Its always a treat to see a well-worn urban legend retooled for circulation on the Internet. Such is the case with a familiar horror story dating from the early 1970s claiming that drug smugglers have been known to use the corpses of abducted, murdered children to transport their illegal goods across national borders. The story continues to circulate to this day. In all the decades this grisly legend has been in circulation, no real instances matching the descriptions above have been confirmed or documented. The legend (or the bare bones of it, anyway) got its first mainstream media airing in 1985 when the Washington Post recounted it as factual in a feature about crime problems in Miami. As folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand noted in his mid-80s collection of urban legends The Mexican Pet, the Post quickly found out that the story was untrue and retracted it a week later. The published correction read, in part: In the opening paragraph of an article last Monday on crime in Miami, the Washington Post recounted a story that cannot be substantiated. The story, told to a Post reporter several years ago by a Miami undercover agent, involves the smuggling of cocaine into the United States in the body of a dead baby. Clifton Stallings, a spokesman for the U.S. Customs Service in Miami, said the story has been in circulation for some time. No one at Customs in Miami can verify it. One customs official told the Post he had heard the story as long ago as 1973. As it was told in those days, he said, a suspiciously immobile child was spotted by an attendant on a flight from Colombia to Miami. Customs agents investigated and found that the baby, apparently deceased for some time, had been cut open, stuffed with cocaine, and sewn shut. It was considered a prime example of just how ruthless of international drug traffickers can be. As told on the internet, it has become a much more compelling story. Set just across the U.S.-Mexico border and recounted in true friend of a friend fashion (my sisters co-worker has a sister in Texas, a frequently shared variant begins), the cautionary tale now carries a dual moral message: Drugs are evil, and never let your children out of your sight. Represented as a parents true nightmare, the online version concluded with a prayer that the story would convince people to stop using drugs. The more likely result is that has reinforced many peoples already well-entrenched fears. Sources Brunvand, Jan Harold. Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid: The Book of Scary Urban Legends. Kindle Edition, W.W. Norton Company, March 17, 2014. Brunvan, Jan Harold. The Mexican Pet: More New Urban Legends and Some Old Favorites. Kindle Edition, Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, December 20, 2012. Buchanan, Edna. The Corpse Had a Familiar Face. Paperback, Reprint edition, Gallery Books, July 14, 2009. Childs body used for smuggling drugs into the U.S.-Fiction! Truth or Fiction, March 17, 2015. Sadistic_Killer. The Stuffed Baby. Wattpad.

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 22

Strategic management - Essay Example It is therefore very difficult to give an optimal decision that will ensure that a given strategy will be implemented effectively in the foreseeable future. Strategy formulation can be described as the phase of strategic management that encompasses planning and decision making that will enhance establishment of the organization’s goal and of strategic plan. Strategy formulation can be described as that phase of strategic management that involves the use of organizational and managerial tools to direct resources towards attaining strategic results. From these definitions of strategy formulation and strategy implementation, it is clear that strategy implementation will fail as a result of the failure of strategy formulation. Decisions that are made to process formulation of a strategy are prone to be affected by internal and external factors. Before proceeding with review of literature is important to talk about ‘strategy,’ which is a widely term. Due to the fact that strategy in this paper is referring to the ‘strategy’ that is used in strategic management. Most of the definitions that have been put forward to describe strategy are very easy and lack comprehensiveness (Mintzberg et al., 1998). It is for this reason that he argues that several definitions should be incorporated to define strategy, and he called them the 5Ps for strategy. The environment is frequently increasing in vitality making it difficult for the prevalence strategic planning. Strategic planning systems are therefore influenced by various factors as indicated by various studies. Some studies have indicated that an environment which is turbulent enhances decentralization of strategic decision making process (Lindsay and Rue, 1980; Grinyer et al., 1986; Wilson 1994). The fact that strategy planning involves the prediction as w ell as uncertainty about the future and the only way to curb

UK employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UK employment law - Essay Example The new employment law in UK suggests that incase an employer violate the employment rights there will be a financial penalty. On the employment area, individuals would involve themselves in any action so that they can preserve a chance for their employment. It would take individuals who are looking for work so much of making lies to their bosses so that they can obtain chance in a working place. They would pretend to be the best individuals before the employer. These individuals may hide much about their health and character for the purpose of obtaining the chance in an organization. Employees may hide their weaknesses of health so that they are not fired from work. This may bring a dangerous outcome when everything reveals itself and it is no longer a secret. The essay is about is about an employee who misbehaved after drinking alcohol in company party. He sat on the copier naked and begun making copies. During this incident, the copier glass broke due to his heavy weight. The mana ging director dismissed him immediately without investigations. The director could have launched an investigation to know the cause of his misconduct. I believe John had reason or cause behind his actions. If he was to face any disciplinary action that would be replacing the copier glass ne broke. Schizophrenic This mental illness affects one during either adulthood or adolescence. The symptoms of the disease are as follows; disorganized speech, delusions, negative personality, hallucinations and bizarre behavior. People suffering from schizophrenic have a low level of functioning and are unable to withstand working pressure in an organization. Every person with the illness is different and each individual behaves in a different way (French 2006, p 20). The cause of john’s misconduct was under influence of alcohol hence this case or condition cannot be handled as an illness. Rights of employee If john was suffering from this disease Schizophrenic, he should not have been dism issed. His condition could have been caused by too much pressure, which he was unable to handle. There are laws that protect employee who are sick or suffering from a chronic illness or disability. No employer is allowed to dismiss, sack or discipline employees because of ill health. There two acts under Health and Safety at Work (HSWA) that protects employees. The two acts are; 1. Employment Rights Act 1996 which deals with ensuring fair procedures in case there is an issue of employee dismissal reason being absent at work because of an illness. 2. Employment 202(Dispute regulation) 2004 this act was adopted to decrease employee dismissal, and govern grievances and disciplinary procedures (Health and safety Executive 2012). John’s behavior on grounds of the mental illness is protected by the UK employment act. The dismissal attracts fine penalties and John should receive his salary and job reinstatement (Lewis & Malcolm, 2004). The disciplinary action should be charging John or ask him to replace the broken photocopier glass and the papers he wasted. The managing director did not bother to know his cause of misconduct but dismissed him without investigating. Employees may suffer from schizophrenia and fail to reveal this to their employers for the fear of shame or they could be fired or denied the job. Schizophrenia becomes a no more secret when the employee behaves in a funny way after certain duration of working in an organization ( A.D.A.M. , 2012). An alcoholic as a consequence of taking prescription drugs There is an act that

Carl Jung’s Theory concerning Personality Types Essay Example for Free

Carl Jung’s Theory concerning Personality Types Essay This essay will give an introduction to Carl Jung and what started his research, the essay will discuss Carls Jung’s personality types and their characteristics and will also discuss the Myers Briggs type indicator. The essay will also discuss falsification of type as well as what Carl Jung believed to be the cure for falsification of type. Criticisms of personality type and MBTI will also be discussed and in conclusion this essay will discuss how we can use personality types and MBTI within our own work. Carl Jung The Beginning of Personality Theory Carl Gustav Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875. His first choice of study was archaeology but he went to study medicine at the University of Basil and while working for the neurologist Krafft Ebing he settled on psychiatry. After graduating he took a position at the Burghoeltzli Mental Hospital, he also taught classes at the university in Zurich, had a private practice and invented word association. In 1907 Carl Jung met Freud in Vienna where the two are meant to have spent thirteen hours talking their friendship started off strong with Jung championing many Freudian ideas but over time their friendship began to deteriorate. Jung felt that Freud focused too much on sexuality and that Freud’s concept of the unconscious was too limited and negative. The official break up happened when Jung resigned from the international psychoanalytic congress. Then in 1913 Carl Jung had a dream, he dreamt that there was a monstrous flood engulfing Europe and lapping at the mountains of Switz erland. He saw thousands of people drowning and civilization crumbling. In the following weeks he continued to have disturbing dreams in which he dreamt of eternal winters and rivers of blood. Carl Jung thought he was becoming psychotic but on the 1st August WWI began and Jung felt there had been a connection between himself and the rest of humanity, thus began Jung’s painful journey of self-exploration which formed the basis for his theory’s. Personality Theory Attitudes Functions Carl Jung determined that people act and react to stimulus and situations differently. He classified people into two different groups, depending on  how they behaved. Jung called these two different groups attitudes and classified people as either extraverts or introverts; Extraverts – People who are extraverts are better able to deal with external stimulus such as people and objects. They search for things outside themselves to help fulfil them Introverts – People who are introverts are better able to deal with internal stimulus and look inside themselves for fulfilment. In addition to the two attitudes Jung further classified people into four functions types Sensory and Intuitive which refers to our preferred way of collecting information and Thinking and feeling which refers to the way we make decisions. Sensory – People who are more sensory tend to like specific answers and deal in facts and figures Intuitive – People who are more intuitive tend to p refer to gather information through ideas and theories. Thinking – People who are thinkers tend to prefer to make decisions based on scientific fact and concrete truths. Feeling People who make decisions on their feelings, trust in their emotions and sensitivities. The four functions and two attitudes made up Carl Jung’s original personality types it was later expanded on and two more functions where added which deal with the way people live their lives these are judgers and perceivers ; Judges – Prefer to live in an orderly way and prefer structure and organisation. Perceivers – Prefer to live more spontaneously and are more adaptive. The theory was then used by Katharine Cook Brigg and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers who after studying Carl Jung’s work extensively turned the theory of psychological types to a practical use. They created the Myer Briggs indicator believing that knowledge of personality types would help woman during WWII who were entering the work place for the first time by identifying which jobs would be more comfortable and effective for them. MBTI focuses on a normal population and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. The two attitudes and six functions types make up for sixteen different combinations which provides detailed characteristics and help us determine which of the types we belong to , each of us has a dominate function with the other three being less dominate. The combinations and some of the characteristics are as follows. ISTJ People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, serious and earn success by  thoroughness and dependability. They value traditions and loyalty. ISFJ People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. They strive to create an orderly and harmonious environment at work and at home. INFJ People who fit in this category tend to seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. They want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about others. INTJ People who fit in this category tend to have original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals. They can be sceptical and independent. ISTP People who fit in this category tend to be tolerant and flexible they are quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions to the problems that may arise. ISFP People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly and sensitive. They like to have their own space and to work within their own time frame. INFP People who fit in this category tend to be idealistic and are loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. INTP People who fit in this category tend to seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Theoretical and abstract, they are interested more in ideas than in social interaction. ESTP People who fit in this category tend to be flexible and tolerant; they take a pragmatic approach and are focused on immediate results. ESFP People who fit in this category tend to be outgoing, friendly, and accepting. They are lovers of life, people, and material comforts. ENFP People who fit in this category tend to be enthusiastic and imaginative. They are spontaneous and flexible and often rely on their ability to improvise and or their language skills. ENTP People who fit in this category tend to be quick, clever and outspoken. They are good at reading other people and can easily become bored by routine. ESTJ People who fit in this category tend to be practical and realistic. They act decisively and move quickly to implement decisions. ESFJ People who fit in this category tend to be warm hearted. They want harmony in their environment and work hard to establish and maintain it. ENFJ People who fit in this category tend to be warm, empathetic and responsible. They are highly attuned to the emotions and needs of others. ENTJ People who fit in this category tend to be blunt and decisive they assume leadership readily. They are usually well informed and well read. â€Å"Jung noted that it is not possible to use the attitudes of Extraversion and Introversion and the Judging and Perceiving functions independently of each other. People who prefer Extraversion will most likely focus their Perception and Judgment in the outer world while people preferring the Introverted attitude, when circumstances permit, will concentrate Perception and Judgment on ideas.† Falsification of Type In our lives we are not always able to work or live in a way that appeals to our strengths. This can happen for a variety of reasons either we are brought up in environments that are unsuitable to our personality types and we adapt to suit the situation or we may be financially unable to follow a career path that would be best suited to our personality type. A person may also be unaware of their strengths and may just have a feeling that they are not living the life they were meant to. Carl Jung believed that if we do not live or work in a way that best suites our personality type then we could develop a falsification of type. This occurs when we are forced to use our less predominate functions for long periods of time. Carl Jung believed that falsification of type could lead to many psychological problems. Carl Jung described Falsification of Type as â€Å"a violation of the natural disposition,† and explained that whenever Falsification of Type takes place a person first becomes anxious and irritable and then if the condition continues a person becomes neurotic. Jung strongly believed that if there was a reversal of type it could be very harmful to the physiological  well-being of a person and could often lead to an acute state of exhaustion. Research has been done which supports Jung’s theory and according to the research of Dr. Richard Haier of San Diego, when an individual is functioning from a style other than their natural lead style, the brain is forced to expend large amounts of energy trying to maintain the unnatural functions. The result is that the brain and brain-body system experience stress, chronic anxiety and exhaustion. Dr. Arlene Taylor worked with people suffering with PTSD and depression over an 11 year period and found that people living in a state of prolonged adaption appeared to display specific symptoms. There are eight commonly seen symptoms in people who appear to be suffering with a falsification of type theses are; 1) Fatigue Prolonged adaption can require the brain to work up to 100 times harder. 2) Hyper vigilance Prolonged adaption can create a state of hyper-vigilance as the brain goes on protective alertness. This is a safety mechanism and can show up in a variety of different ways 3) Immune System alteration Falsifying Type can be thought of as the individual living a lie at some level. Lying can suppress immune system 4) Memory impairment Cortisol, which is released under stress, can interfere with memory functions. 5) Altered brain chemistry Prolonged adaption can interfere with hypothalamus and pituitary functions, which can interfere with hormonal balance. 6) Diminished frontal lobe functions Prolonged adaption is a significant stressor, which can interfere with functions typically associated with the frontal lobes of the cerebrum. 7) Discouragement, fatigue and or depression Prolonged adaption can lead to the repeated triggering of the conserve/withdraw reaction to stress. This can be especially true for introverted people although it is commonly observed in extroverted types who have been conditioned to introversion. This is far more common than most people (even researchers) believe. Discouragement tends to increase as fatigue increases, which often contributes to the development of depression 8) Self-esteem problems .Any or all of the other symptoms can be contributed to diminished overall success in life, which directly affect self-esteem. Self-esteem issues can present as lack of confidence or lack of commitment to improving one’s outcomes Jung believed that the only way to cure falsification of type is to develop the functions and attitudes that people are naturally disposed towards. This is a long process where the sufferer will have to first identify their natural leanings and then work towards changing things within their lives so that their work, family and social lives’ are in balance with their natural strengths and attitudes. Criticisms of Personality Types MBTI One of the main criticisms of personality types and the resulting MBTI is that it because it deals with the mind which is abstract it cannot be scientifically proven and that some of the personality types could be made to fit anyone as the use of the language and terms can be ambiguous. The MBTI also relies on a person answering questions about themselves and people may not be completely honest when answering those questions either because they are unaware of how they would react within a situation or that their perception of themselves is distorted. The way in which the questions are asked is also not specific so people may not know if the question is referring to the way they would react at work or the way they would react at home with friends and family. The MBTI also fails the double blind test in which participants do a test but are given a test done by someone else and asked if it fits them. Most of the participants find a way to make the results fit. One of the other arguments is that while it can be very useful in self-understanding it can also be used either intentionally or unintentionally to pigeonhole people. People are complex and fitting everyone into just sixteen different categories can limit peoples understanding of each other and themselves. It also could be used as an excuse for bad or inefficient behaviour. Conclusion Personality Types and the MBTI is still widely used today, the MBTI is used in company’s both big and small to understand and motivate staff and as a tool for management training. Personality Types and MBTI are also still used by therapist’s to understand their clients, as well as giving the therapist an idea of which therapeutic tools are best suited for each individual client. It can be used either by allowing the client to do a MBTI test that the therapist has acquired from a reputable source (not just a downloaded from the internet) or the therapist can lead a client through a process which will enable the therapist to discern which characteristics the client may lean towards. It is worth saying that an inexperienced therapist may face problems in trying to discern a client’s personality leanings without using a test or formal questions as it takes training and experience to be able to read a client effectively. Despite its critics personality types can be used as one of the tools a therapist can utilise to assist them in the treatment of clients as long as the therapist is aware of the potential problems with using the personality type or a MBTI test , such as pigeonholing a client into a specific category or allowing the client to use their personality type as an excuse or a crutch. Using the theory in balance with other treatments and being aware of some of the problems that may arise from using the personality types or a MBTI test can allow the therapist to approach the treatment of a client in a well-rounded and balanced way that is both beneficial and productive. References http://mbtitoday.org/carl-jung-psychological-type/ Author publish date unknown MBTI type today http://www.cognitiveprocesses.com/ Linda V. Berens and Dario Nardi, Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html C. George Boeree Copyright 1997, 2006 http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types.asp Isabel Briggs Myers, Gifts Differing https://coremap.com/index.php/books-and-articles/38-personality/124-falsification-of-type.html Written by Sherry Buffington Monday, 14 May 2012 10:28 Jessica Phillips HUDDE2A 13 Jackie Bock Carl Jung Personality Types MBTI

Deviance In Society Essay -- essays research papers

What does it mean to say, â€Å"deviance is socially defined?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deviance is defined as, â€Å"The recognized violation of cultural norms.† Deviance is an act of rebellion against set of rules, and expected behavior established by a certain society. Deviance is defined in many different ways. It is depended on the norms of the society, and region. Individuals become deviant when people label their actions as deviance. It depends on how that certain society defines deviance on individuals. The establishment of rules, and breaking rules in society is determined by strong social powers. This event leads to social inequality in society. â€Å"The Saints and the roughnecks†, are an example to labeling individuals as deviants, and it shows how social power causes inequality. Deviance appears in all likes of society. Deviance has many meanings to unconformity on a cultural norm. It depends on that the state of society, and its region. Prostitution is a profession that has existed since the beginning of society. Prostitution is viewed as a sleazy way of making money. The United States outlaws this profession, because it degrades females. Yet it is legal, and accepted in the city of Las Vegas, Nevada. Residents in Nevada view prostitution, as any other job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individuals become deviants when society decides to call the acts deviance. It is a labeling process put on the person. An example of deviant behavior would be the teen youth wearing ba...

King Schahriar and his Brother Essay

1.What kind of world do we enter as we read this story ? In this story the world is very different to the one we know, and also contrasts with the necklace. It could be described as black and white, with no shades of grey. The reason for this is that it is very clear cut, there is no way of getting around things, it is done one way and stays that way. An example of this is the grand-vizir. You have to do what the Sultan says and there is no way of getting round him. This then ties in to the obedience of this world, and absolute ruler. The King is in charge, no one else gets to make decisions, and what he says goes. The King in this story is very strict, but also is clear and talks about the consequences. The grand-vizir is told by the king â€Å"You will have to take her life yourself. If you refuse, I swear your head shall pay the forfeit.†, meaning that if he does not do what he is told, he shall die as well. In our country there is no absolute ruler, there are different levels of hierarchy, which do not stick and can change, unlike in this world where the Sultan will always be a family member and any other person in the kingdom must do what they say. This story is similar to the Necklace as Madame Loisel changes her ways, from being a selfish women, and changing into a person who works hard and is thankful for what she gets. This is the like King Schahriar as he is selfish at first, as he kills everyone, but once he realises that what he is doing is wrong, and he falls in love with Scheherazade, he changes to be a better person. 2.What Kind of heroine do we meet in Scheherazade? Scheherazade is smart in the way she asks her father something, she asks him to grant her it to her before she tells him what she would like him to do for her. This shows that Scheherazade is a smart and cunning girl, but also know how to get what she wants. In the world which they are living in it is very unusual for a women to become the heroine in a patriarchal world. Heroines in the modern world use their physical force to become the heroine. This is unlike Scheherazade who uses her in and self control to become the heroine. Dinazade contrast with her sister very much, â€Å"she had no particular gifts†, and was just a normal person. This is a contrast to Scheherazade, as she is â€Å"clever and courageous in the highest degree†¦bests masters in  philosophy, medicine, history and the fine arts.†. She was more beautiful â€Å"that of any girl in the kingdom of Persia†. Scheherazade could be described as the deliverer, she said, â€Å"I am determined to stop this barbarous practice of the Sultan’s, and to deliver the girls and mothers from the awful fate that hangs over them.† The reason that she is the deliverer, is that she is willing to put her life on the line to save her kingdom, this also shows that she is very selfless. 3. Comment on the following three aspects of the writer’s use of language, using the exact wording of the given openings to help you, and making sure you quote in the course of each one. A repeated characteristic of the writer’s language is his use of superlatives, showing a world in which everything is intensified by being pushed to extremes. The writer uses superlatives like â€Å"her beauty excelled that of any girl in the kingdom of Persia.† He does this to show that this world only has the extremes, there are no things placed in the middle. Everything that was normal is now extremes, people had to have â€Å"the finest dresses† to be the best and have â€Å"the most beautiful jewels†. Linked to the writer’s frequent superlatives is his repeated use of balance and antitheses, which creates a sense of things being opposed to each other in very strong ways. The change of the Sultans character is one way of showing the opposites, the Sultan use to be loved and was given â€Å"blessings†. He had now changed and was given â€Å"curses†, this is a quick change from the Sultan and shows antitheses. There is also a contrast between Scheherazade and Dinarzarde, Scheherazade is â€Å"clever and courageous in the highest degree†, whilst Dinarzade â€Å"had no particular gifts to distinguish her from other girls†. This is real and only true in this world as now no one is perfect, some people are better at things and others, this is a balance as one is intelligent and one is the opposite. The speech of Scheherazade is measured, formal and courteous at all times, giving a sense of a character who is polite and has self control. Scheherazade politely says to her father, â€Å"I have a favor to ask of you.  Will you grant it to me?†. By asking her father to give and answer before she says what it is shows, that she is intelligent and cunning. She can also be strong in what she means, â€Å" Then listen,† she goes on to show composure, even when she is talking about death that could be brought upon her. Scheherazade could be described as a very persuasive girl, as she always knows the right way to say something so that she can get what she whats. â€Å"It is you who have to provide the Sultan daily with a fresh wife, and I implore you, by all the the affection you bear me, to allow the honour to fall upon me.† Scheherazade uses word and phrases like â€Å"implore† and â€Å"by all the affection you bear me†.

The Road by Cormac Mccarthy

The Road by Corm McCarthy is a novel set in a post-apocalyptic world following the path of a Father and Son. McCarthy is a highly celebrated award-winning author. He is 78 years old and has an 8-year-old son – an uncommon circumstance – underlining that for him, death is imminent and prompting him to consider the ideas discussed in his novel. In The Road, the father is undergoing a crisis of faith and so adopts an Existentialist view and creates meaning through his son – who therefore influences many of his actions.I found McCarthy use of techniques such as Juxtaposition and antithesis that counter the macabre images throughout the book with those of love between the father and Son both repulsive and fascinating at the same time. The earth is in a state of despair – there is no electricity, transport or access to food/ water. Much of humanity has turned feral, losing all sense of the moral code that makes us human. McCarthy uses the Mother and Father to sh ow conflicting choices made in this environment. The Fathers choice was to live because of the belief he has in his child, which he formed in his despair. If he is not the word of God than God never spoke. Because of the nightmarish situation the world has been placed in, he finds it hard to hold onto his religious beliefs concerning God and so instead looks to find another meaning in life to give him reason to continue – his son. If the son is not worth keeping alive then everything that he once believed in must be false. On the other hand, the mother takes a nihilistic view. â€Å"Why don't we talk about death anymore? Because it is here. There is nothing left to talk about. † She chooses to kill herself, as she believes that there is no point prolonging the inevitable. They will ape us, kill us and eat us. † This represents a grotesque corruption of parenthood. For the mother to take such drastic measures we realize the true gravity and hopelessness of the sit uation. However, even though the mother can see this clearly, the Father, who cannot give up hope while his son lives, cannot bear to let this hope die even though it may be in the child's best intentions. We can clearly see the effect the son has on his father because he has chosen to follow his belief system and fight to keep his son and therefore hope alive.The mother and father are both in the same tuition but choose to follow different paths. However, as McCarthy further explores in the novel, both of these choices will ultimately end in death. Through the son's actions, McCarthy suggests a different path to choose in this environment, while continuing to demonstrate the sons influence over the father. When they come across a shuffling, limping man who looks close to death the father insists that nothing can be done. â€Å"Can't we help him Papa? † The son shows a compassion and humanity that the father, in his quest for survival, lacks this.He chooses to treat everythin g, hostile or otherwise as a threat. This is an understandable mentality but as the son demonstrates to us certainly not the only one. Later in the novel, the pair come across a little boy and a dog on the road. â€Å"We should go get him, Papa. We could get him and take him with us. We could take him and we could take the dog. The dog could catch something to eat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. What about the little boy? He sobbed. What about the little boy? † In this case, the boys kindness seems to go beyond Just compassion.He seems to see himself in the little boy (if not purely for any reason ether insists that they cannot trust a little boy Just like him might make him consider if they really are the ‘good guys' and ‘carrying the flame' -the only comfort he draws from their situation. McCarthy clearly shows us the son struggling to accept his father's mentality and starting to form his own based on compassion and his own innate goodness. The fathers crisis of f aith develops throughout the novel. Towards the beginning of the novel, we see how he had mixed feelings over God, as he felt abandoned in this hell on earth. How does the never to be differ from what never was? Even with the son to place his hope in, the father's crisis of faith is enough to make him question if god ever existed. To cope with the world he lives in he adopts the mentality of ‘shoot or be shot' and treats everything with suspicion and little compassion. However, we see exceptions to this rule where the sons influence is concerned like when they meet the old man Eli on the road and the father gives him food due to the sons pleading. But the real change occurs in the father towards the end of the novel when he knows he will die soon and accepts the son's mentality. Whatever form you spoke of, you were right. The father is beginning to understand the boys mind set. But immediately after this comes the death of the father and although showing the son truly alone, i t also represents the death of his mentality and his religion which acts as an external body of rules used as a moral code. This organized religion has broken down in this environment. However, the son demonstrates a different path based on an innate goodness inside us. God was meaningless to the boy, he came from a world he did not understand or belong to. The boy never needed the father for meaning – His innate goodness is meaning in itself.This mentality that the son can now carry on lends to the possibility of a future in this world that would be based on the assumption of an innate goodness in all of us that must be found in order to remain human. McCarthy is discussing the value of faith – something worth living for, a reason to try to survive in the harshest of Corm McCarthy discusses the relationship between father and son situations. In his novel The Road. The father choice to make the son his Warrant' to live shows the influence he has on him. ‘Glowing like a tabernacle. ‘ He literally sees his son as a odd like figure.However, McCarthy makes clear throughout the novel that the fathers choices he makes in an attempt to protect his son are, while understandable, far from admirable. The father constantly treats everything as a threat. The small boy they encountered was left behind because the father suspected a trap. He nearly killed the already half-dead man who stole their shopping trolley of supplies. The path offered by the son is the more morally correct and therefore human choice to make. It seems as if the author is counting on the existence of the innate goodness inside all of us.Although he discusses the worst of what we are capable of, he sets up the expectation that humanity will find the best of itself. It is clear that the sons influence over his father went as far as to start to break down the walls of his religious mentality but in order to see the true demise of his organized religion the father must die. As a 16-year-old living a pampered life, this novel is a bit of a slap in the face. McCarthy forces us to ask the hard questions. At your core, are you good? Does your compassion outweigh your selfishness and greed? I would love to say yes but I'm not sure that I can. The Road by Cormac Mccarthy The Road by Corm McCarthy is a novel set in a post-apocalyptic world following the path of a Father and Son. McCarthy is a highly celebrated award-winning author. He is 78 years old and has an 8-year-old son – an uncommon circumstance – underlining that for him, death is imminent and prompting him to consider the ideas discussed in his novel. In The Road, the father is undergoing a crisis of faith and so adopts an Existentialist view and creates meaning through his son – who therefore influences many of his actions.I found McCarthy use of techniques such as Juxtaposition and antithesis that counter the macabre images throughout the book with those of love between the father and Son both repulsive and fascinating at the same time. The earth is in a state of despair – there is no electricity, transport or access to food/ water. Much of humanity has turned feral, losing all sense of the moral code that makes us human. McCarthy uses the Mother and Father to sh ow conflicting choices made in this environment. The Fathers choice was to live because of the belief he has in his child, which he formed in his despair. If he is not the word of God than God never spoke. Because of the nightmarish situation the world has been placed in, he finds it hard to hold onto his religious beliefs concerning God and so instead looks to find another meaning in life to give him reason to continue – his son. If the son is not worth keeping alive then everything that he once believed in must be false. On the other hand, the mother takes a nihilistic view. â€Å"Why don't we talk about death anymore? Because it is here. There is nothing left to talk about. † She chooses to kill herself, as she believes that there is no point prolonging the inevitable. They will ape us, kill us and eat us. † This represents a grotesque corruption of parenthood. For the mother to take such drastic measures we realize the true gravity and hopelessness of the sit uation. However, even though the mother can see this clearly, the Father, who cannot give up hope while his son lives, cannot bear to let this hope die even though it may be in the child's best intentions. We can clearly see the effect the son has on his father because he has chosen to follow his belief system and fight to keep his son and therefore hope alive.The mother and father are both in the same tuition but choose to follow different paths. However, as McCarthy further explores in the novel, both of these choices will ultimately end in death. Through the son's actions, McCarthy suggests a different path to choose in this environment, while continuing to demonstrate the sons influence over the father. When they come across a shuffling, limping man who looks close to death the father insists that nothing can be done. â€Å"Can't we help him Papa? † The son shows a compassion and humanity that the father, in his quest for survival, lacks this.He chooses to treat everythin g, hostile or otherwise as a threat. This is an understandable mentality but as the son demonstrates to us certainly not the only one. Later in the novel, the pair come across a little boy and a dog on the road. â€Å"We should go get him, Papa. We could get him and take him with us. We could take him and we could take the dog. The dog could catch something to eat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. What about the little boy? He sobbed. What about the little boy? † In this case, the boys kindness seems to go beyond Just compassion.He seems to see himself in the little boy (if not purely for any reason ether insists that they cannot trust a little boy Just like him might make him consider if they really are the ‘good guys' and ‘carrying the flame' -the only comfort he draws from their situation. McCarthy clearly shows us the son struggling to accept his father's mentality and starting to form his own based on compassion and his own innate goodness. The fathers crisis of f aith develops throughout the novel. Towards the beginning of the novel, we see how he had mixed feelings over God, as he felt abandoned in this hell on earth. How does the never to be differ from what never was? Even with the son to place his hope in, the father's crisis of faith is enough to make him question if god ever existed. To cope with the world he lives in he adopts the mentality of ‘shoot or be shot' and treats everything with suspicion and little compassion. However, we see exceptions to this rule where the sons influence is concerned like when they meet the old man Eli on the road and the father gives him food due to the sons pleading. But the real change occurs in the father towards the end of the novel when he knows he will die soon and accepts the son's mentality. Whatever form you spoke of, you were right. The father is beginning to understand the boys mind set. But immediately after this comes the death of the father and although showing the son truly alone, i t also represents the death of his mentality and his religion which acts as an external body of rules used as a moral code. This organized religion has broken down in this environment. However, the son demonstrates a different path based on an innate goodness inside us. God was meaningless to the boy, he came from a world he did not understand or belong to. The boy never needed the father for meaning – His innate goodness is meaning in itself.This mentality that the son can now carry on lends to the possibility of a future in this world that would be based on the assumption of an innate goodness in all of us that must be found in order to remain human. McCarthy is discussing the value of faith – something worth living for, a reason to try to survive in the harshest of Corm McCarthy discusses the relationship between father and son situations. In his novel The Road. The father choice to make the son his Warrant' to live shows the influence he has on him. ‘Glowing like a tabernacle. ‘ He literally sees his son as a odd like figure.However, McCarthy makes clear throughout the novel that the fathers choices he makes in an attempt to protect his son are, while understandable, far from admirable. The father constantly treats everything as a threat. The small boy they encountered was left behind because the father suspected a trap. He nearly killed the already half-dead man who stole their shopping trolley of supplies. The path offered by the son is the more morally correct and therefore human choice to make. It seems as if the author is counting on the existence of the innate goodness inside all of us.Although he discusses the worst of what we are capable of, he sets up the expectation that humanity will find the best of itself. It is clear that the sons influence over his father went as far as to start to break down the walls of his religious mentality but in order to see the true demise of his organized religion the father must die. As a 16-year-old living a pampered life, this novel is a bit of a slap in the face. McCarthy forces us to ask the hard questions. At your core, are you good? Does your compassion outweigh your selfishness and greed? I would love to say yes but I'm not sure that I can.